Showing posts with label WWI. Show all posts
Showing posts with label WWI. Show all posts

Thursday, 5 February 2015

The King and His Reign VII: Aftermath

Post-War German hyper-inflation
Non-fiction ~ article
Published in The Spectator, 5th April 1935
1,200 words
(First read 05/02/2015)

Benson talks about the brief period of euphoria following the end of the First World War, which was so soon followed by the realization that the whole sorry, miserable, wretched, calamitous affair had really benefited precisely no-one.  The affair was estimated to have cost (max.) a truly stupendous £66,000,000,000 [sixty-six billion pounds], in today's money around £1,400,000,000,000 [erm, is that 1.4 trillion? not sure].  Depressing stuff.
Anyway, it's available online here.

Tuesday, 3 February 2015

The King and His Reign VI: The War

Queen Mary seems to curtsey before EFB*
Non-fiction ~ essay
Published in The Spectator, 29th March 1935
1,450 words
(First read 03/02/2015)

Benson has nothing but praise for the King's record during the First World War, coming pretty close to defining what he considered the True and Perfect English Gentleman: a man who conducted himself always with quiet, sober dignity and compassion, with the minimum of pomp and fuss (unlike that shocking Kaiser-cousin of his!), etc.  Also singled out for encomiums are the King's mother (Queen Alexandra), wife (Queen Mary), and even his son the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII).  The essay's emphasis is definitely on the royal family here, though there's stuff about the war itself too.
The article is available online here.

* Benson was visited by Queen Mary at Lamb House (Rye) on 11th March 1935 ~ "I was in the area, y'know" ~ about three weeks before this article was published.  I daresay he spent the entire visit trying to divert her attention away from his collection of antique silverware, notorious kleptomaniac that she was.
She's not really curtseying to him in the photo, by the way.

Wednesday, 7 January 2015

The King and His Reign V: 1914

Mr & Mrs Franz Ferdinand shortly before their murder
Published in The Spectator, 22nd March 1935
1,420 words
(First read 07/01/2015*)

Benson narrates in some detail the circumstances that led to the outbreak of the First World War, though obviously not in as much detail as he'd already done in his somewhat-late-in-the-day book The Outbreak of War 1914 (1933!).  It's fairly interesting if you're fairly interested in the role that the British sovereign played ~ or didn't play ~ in the business.
As a great fan of the Forgotten People of History I'd like to pay tribute to EFB for remembering to mention the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand's wife, the poor old Duchess of Hohenberg [who?!], who was gunned down with him at Sarajevo on 28th June 1914.
You can read the article online here.


* Yes, I do realize I'm reading these in a somewhat haphazard order.

Thursday, 11 December 2014

The King and His Reign IV: Women's Rights

Non-fiction ~ essay
Published in The Spectator, 15th March 1935
1,420 words
(First read 11/12/2014)

Mrs Pankhurst addresses a crowd
This one falls very much under the 'His Reign' category: as EFB makes barely any mention at all of George V, we can only assume he had nothing to do with women's rights¹.  What we get instead is a preamble in which we're reminded of Queen Victoria's opinions on uppity females (she was rabidly agin the idea), of Edward VII's opinions ditto (also agin, but less so), followed by a potted history of the pre-War emancipation movement, of the role women played during the War itself, and of their new-found freedom after it.
Benson was clearly no feminist; indeed he's often accused of outright misogyny ~ generally by people who've only read the Mapp and Lucia novels.  In fact his fictional women fall into two very pronounced types: (1) the cats, shrews, vixens, cows, harpies, bitches, witches (etc.) we all know and love from his satirical novels; and (2) the sweet, noble, impossibly virtuous, nauseating and frankly improbable saints so prominent in his (melo)dramas.  There was practically no middle ground. [Sorry ~ wandering off the point a bit.]  In this article he carefully aligns himself with those who claim post facto that their sole objection to the Suffragist movement was the activities of its more militant wing.  EFB might not ever have been violently anti-women's suffrage but, before the Great War, he rarely missed an opportunity to poke fun at it².


¹ I daresay he didn't approve, though.  Queen Mary wouldnt've let him.
² For his most sustained mock see the novel Mrs Ames (1912).  It has to be said that the eponymous heroine's feeble'n'futile pro-suffrage protest is the highlight of that book.

Sunday, 14 September 2014

House of Help

Non-fiction ~ article
Published in the Aberdeen Press and Journal, 11th November 1924*
1,165 words
(First read 16/09/14)

A brief outline of the history and work of the League of Remembrance, a charitable organization founded during the First World War "as a living memorial to those who gave their lives in the service of their country" and still going a hundred years later. The article ends with a call for new subscribers.
 

*Undoubtedly published elsewhere too, but this is where I stumbled across it. 


The article is reproduced below.  As far as I know, this is the first time it's appeared in full and free of charge before a (theoretically) worldwide audience in 90 years.

House of Help by E. F. Benson
There are a great many things in the lives of most of us which we would do well to forget; we need some anti-Pelman aid to oblivion with regard to them.
Prominent and conspicuous among these are injuries and slights which, rightly or wrongly, we believe that others have inflicted on us, but by the perversity of human nature it is precisely such things as these of which our memory shows itself so amazingly tenacious. Most of us need no memory-system to enable us to preserve the vividness of them; we are able to recollect them with a wealth of detail, we dwell on them with secret gusto, and refresh their roots with water-cans of malice to encourage more luxuriant growth.
It is by the same perversity of human nature that the recollections which we should be proud to cherish, the roots of which, instead of impoverishing, sweeten and enrich our minds, are precisely those which we leave to take care of themselves, for when we have reason to be grateful to those who have done something for us, the dear debt is not one that we naturally remember; we have to remind ourselves of it.
There was a time not so very long ago, when our national gratitude was alive and eager, and to do us all justice we responded pretty well. The war was in the foreground and the middle distance and the background of our daily existence, we could not get away from its immediate presence, nor from the thought of those who were our living shield and defence. We were in consequence quite industrious and generous for the million needs of those who were fighting, and for the alleviation and comfort of the wounded.
Wise Forgetting
And then when the war was won and the shattering shells screamed no more, we all, with good sens, tried to forget the horrors of it and start again. That was wise: forgetfulness was best for much that the nation had been through, but into that nightmare rubbish-heap we threw certain things that should have been saved.
There were some, however, who when they started again, and when the burden of their war-work slipped from their shoulders, did not let slip with it the burden of their gratitude, but clung to it as to a staff for their steps, and a sacrament for their spiritual refreshment. They did not abandon their task or tell themselves that they needed and deserved a complete holiday, but transmuted their activities into a work for the living, in memory of the dead.
Among these were the workers and organisers of the War Hospital Supply Depots, who throughout the war had been making for the hospitals garments and bandages and all those things which the wounded needed. They when the war was over did not say “Our work is done,” but with the memory of those for whom they had done it alive in their hearts, turned themselves into the League of Remembrance, and from that day to this, in remembrance of the dead, they devoted themselves to the succour of the suffering of the living, and testify to the sincerity of their gratitude by their industry in aid of hospitals and infant welfare centres.
The Ever-Burning Light
Their headquarters are at 1 Marlborough Gate, a couple of minutes' walk from Lancaster Gate Tube Station, and five minutes on a 'bus from the Marble Arch. The memory of the dead imperishably burns there, like a lamp set before a shrine; on the walls of the staircases are numberless little metal plaques given by the friends and relatives of the fallen to commemorate their sacrifice, and there, too, is inscribed the message sent by the King to the nearest relatives of the dead.
But more brightly than that burns the work that goes on daily for the relief of the suffering sick, for this is no sentimental shrine, but one that is built of practical industry. Instead of the war hospitals which the works of the League supplied, they now supply the hospitals which are always with us and always in need, and to all parts of the country go out their merciful bales. All hospitals are invited to send the bare materials and patterns of what they want for their patients, blankets, lint and linen, and they receive in return the finished articles; bed-jackets, night-gowns, sheets, baby garments for maternity-wards, bandages, overalls ~ whatever they ask for. They pay nothing for [the] work involved, and those who know what, nowadays, is the expense of such manufacture, and its cost, if purchased, will best appreciate the value of such an institution. The demand for such work is enormous, but never yet has the League of Remembrance refused to execute an order.
The organisation is of the simplest and most efficient. The workers are all voluntary and unpaid. Some come every day, others who have ties which cannot be neglected, for a day or two every week, other who are busier, for an hour or two. But all give their time and their industry for the sake of the living who are suffering, in remembrance of the dead. Each workroom is presided over by the widow or dependent of some officer fallen in the war who needs help, and these are paid. The main running expenses therefore of the establishment form part of the tribute of gratitude and remembrance.
Direct Service
This House of Help is extremely practical; it has also its social side. There are sitting-room, library and dining-room for its members, there are weekly entertainments and concerts (paid for out of an earmarked fund) for men wounded in the war and still in hospital. Six years have elapsed since the armistice, and it is probably news to many that there are hundreds of men who have spent six years at least in hospital, and are still undischarged. But when you once know that, it is not easy to forget it: six years is a long time, and the League does not forget.
What the League needs is a wider membership that shall bring in more funds. It needs them not only because it lacks endowment of any kind, and at present can only continue its work at all on current subscriptions, but because it needs more workers for whom is necessary a larger accommodation. There is not a foot of space in its present premises which is not used, and if they were doubled there would be workers enough to fill them, and thus the orders from the hospitals would be more speedily executed. Workers there are in plenty; what is needed is members of the League, men and women alike, who by their subscriptions will enable it to extend its activities. The subscription for London members is two guineas a year, for other members one guinea, and these small sums entitle the subscriber to all Club privileges. It is not necessary to be a worker to join the League.

Reproduced from the Aberdeen Press and Journal, 11/11/1924
  

Monday, 25 August 2014

Friendly Russia

Tsar Nicholas II: "Cute but dim." —L. Trotsky
Non-fiction ~ essay
Published in The Herald [Tamworth], 19th June 1915*
Approx. 1,500 words
(First read 25/08/2014)

In a shameless bit of propagandizing, EFB sings the praises of Russia.  Unfortunately my knowledge of the various campaigns of the First World War is pretty hazy (particularly as regards the Eastern Front), so I'm not sure why Benson felt the need to produce such an article at this precise moment.  In truth, about three quarters of it is more 'Hymn To Holy Russia' than 'Believe Me: Russia Is Okay'.
He begins by praising the progress that Russia has made over the past 20 years in dragging itself into approximately the middle of the 18th century.  [Oops, I'm editorializing here.]  After comparing the country's approach to its disastrous war with Japan as that of a 'careless, contemptuous and derisive' schoolyard bully [remind you of anyone?], he claims Russia 'grew up' as a result.  Yeah right.
Our intrepid propagandist then goes on to argue that the English and the Russians are kindred spirits, finishing his paragraph with this flight of fancy:
[...] epithets are always unsatisfactory, and to take a concrete illustration, which puts the matter in a nutshell, we may say that Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontë, perhaps the most distinctively English novel in our language, is completely and essentially Russian. The whole spirit and sentiment of it, the love and the ruthlessness of it, its stern fatalism, its noble tenderness, come not only from the moors of Yorkshire, but from the heart of Russia.
I can more or less see his point here.
Nige Insky in Afternoon Fun (1912)
EFB next tackles Russian Culture, which he ~ inevitably ~ thinks is wonderful: while admitting that not all the icons he names are Russian strictu sensu (Chopin had decidedly Polish leanings, apparently), he omits to mention that they're all comprehensively dead ~ the most recent is Rimsky-Korsakov.  Stravinsky was churning 'em out in 1915 ~ but I dare say Fred would sooner have eaten his own feet than mention him.  He might've given poor old Nijinsky a nod, though.
In the last section EFB talks about the 'removal of misunderstandings' between the UK and Russia, over India, the Black Sea, y'know ... little things like that ~ least said soonest mended.
Benson's ideas about Russia are (particularly with the benefit of hindsight) distinctly half-baked, romantic, idealistic ~ but I'm fairly sure he never visited Russia or even got anywhere near it, and the essay is meant as a piece of 'puff', so we'll let him off.

*This is indeed where I found it: it's marked 'All Rights Reserved' so I'm assuming it was an exclusive.  As far as I'm aware, EFB had no association whatever with Tamworth.



The article is reproduced in full below ... well, in full except for a few illegible bits (suggestions welcome!).  This is, to the best of my knowledge, the first time it's appeared free of charge for all the world to see since it's first publication 99 years ago.

Friendly Russia by E. F. Benson
Never perhaps in the history of the world has any generation seen such amazing change take place in a people as the last twenty years have seen in the case of Russia. It is not that the character of the nation has altered, for the character of nations as of individuals is their one permanent and constant possession, and can no more be changed than can the skin of the Ethiopian or the spots of the leopard, and persists through any vicissitude of disaster or expansion of victory that may happen to them. But in all except character (that collective individuality which marks off nation from nation and people from people) it is impossible to conceive a greater contrast than the aspect presented by Russia of a generation ago when compared with the stern, calm and sober millions, who both in the battle-line and in the vast territory behind it wait in unshaken confidence for the inevitable issue of their conflict with the barbarism that has suddenly flamed out in central Europe. Unchanged in character, in the essentials that lie at the base of the nation's soul, Russia of to-day has nothing else in common with the Russia of twenty years back.
FROM YOUTH TO MATURITY
The change is one of growth and civilised development. Conscious and rightly conscious of her enormous strength, Russia entered the Japanese war, careless, contemptuous and derisive. She was like some huge youth, who, untrained, and without control of his limbs or knowledge of how to use them, went out, hardly taking off his coat, to fight a practised and intelligent foe, who with not one quarter of his adversary's bulk, was quick, decisive and disciplined. There were other disadvantages, circumstances also which have never been fully appreciated, for at that time Russia was not only at war with Japan, but with herself; she was internally dismembered by sedition and revolution, and was shaken by the storm of intestinal trouble. She was beaten, and then there began to rise in her the leaven that was already there, the leaven of her dawning maturity, of her sense of national responsibility. She said nothing, for Russia in adversity is as silent as her own winter nights, but shutting her door, she set herself to win the place that she knew was rightly hers in the hierarchy of the nations. She had been, as we have said, like some big, unthinking boy, and now she disciplined herself into manhood. But her character did not alter, she developed on her own lines, but grew in mind and in self-control. She schooled herself after the example of her own great men with the result that, as far as military matters go, she knows now how to use her inexhaustible strength in sobriety and wisdom and faithfulness to herself and her friends.
It is to English people more than to any of the nations of Europe that the Russian character so strongly appeals. A very foolish proverb, often quoted and supposed to be enlightening, tells us that if you scratch a Russian you will find a Tartar. That is so flippant a view that it only deserves the flippant answer that if you scratch anybody you will probably rouse his temper. But if you make friends with a Russian, if you try to be in sympathy with him instead of scratching him, you will find a very different being. You will discover a loyalty and simplicity that are child-like in their unquestioningness, you will find too, whether your Russian is a boulevardier of Paris, or a moujik of the central steppes, a wild romantic soul that reminds you of the sea at dawn, dim and immense and utterly indescribably. It is a northern nature like ours, sensitive to ridicule, shy of expressing itself, and above all romantic, with the romance of the north. But epithets are always unsatisfactory, and to take a concrete illustration, which puts the matter in a nutshell, we may say that Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontë, perhaps the most distinctively English novel in our language, is completely and essentially Russian. The whole spirit and sentiment of it, the love and the ruthlessness of it, its stern fatalism, its noble tenderness, come not only from the moors of Yorkshire, but from the heart of Russia.
RUSSIAN CULTURE
We have been told very often during the last six months from Berlin and other places where the Kaiser has been, that the conclusion of the present war willwitness the spread of German 'Kultur' over the whole of this fortunate planet. We are learning a little about German Kultur, and have been permitted to see it cursorily at work in Belgium, and as the weeks go on we are happily beginning to realise that this infernal millennium is getting further off than ever. But we see more and more that another element of civilisation, not enforced by megalo-mania and barbarism and piracy will certainly take its place. For a long time now those who have studied Russian literature, Russian music, and the Russian arts, generally have been aware of the wonderful culture. Turgenieff, Gogol, Lermontoff, Tolstoi expressed it, and in music Chopin, Tschaikowsky, Rubenstein, Rimsky Korsakoff were among its children. Some of these were Poles, other were Cossacks, but all in spirit as in nationality belonged to Russia, and all of them had that sea-like unfathomable suggestions which is the meaning of Russia, and with which in arms as in instincts we find ourselves so intimately allied. It is not easy to express or to give any definite account of the quality that underlies it, for it appeals much more to the emotions than to the mind, and produces in us not so much a train of thought as a mood, often sad, sometimes deliriously light-hearted, but always with the glamour of large spaces and infinite horizons about it. Though trained and ordered, the fruit of industry and endless patience, it never degenerates into artificiality, or loses itself in mere technique. The quality which, after all, is best called Russian, permeates it; it is always romantic, always elemental, born of the steppes and the limitless plains, and the Arctic night light by the remote Aurora of the north. For a long time now its first freshets, the rivulets that earliest began to come down from the vast mysterious [hills?], have been flowing westwards, and they come to us bringing the sense of home with them.
MISUNDERSTANDINGS REMOVED
Already in this crisis of the danger common to Russia and to us, namely the barbarous nest of hornets in the midst of Europe, much misunderstanding has been removed from between us and our Eastern allies. No longer do we fear or have cause to fear what we thought of for years as the Russian menace to India. Germany, who for so long has tried, not always successfully, to promote dissension between nations with whom she professed friendly relationships, no [illegible] one time did encourage our Ally to [illegible] warm-water outlet southwards, and point a diplomatic finger towards India and the Persian Gulf. Now in the utter ruinous fiasco that has befallen Teutonic diplomacy, and now that the day prophetically [illegible: probably dreamt] by Bismarck has dawned, (and that [illegible] ) friendship between Russia and England [illegible] Russia looks, and will not look in vain, towards its natural outlet through the Black Sea and the Dardanelles. Hereby another misunderstanding has been removed, for even as in Whitehall it was thought that Russia turned longing eyes to our Eastern Empire, so in Petrograd it was believed that England would fight to the last drop of her blood in preventing Russia from obtaining this access to the Mediterranean. And once more we are indebted to the blundering diplomacy of Germany, which instead of fomenting has but healed the mutual distrust which for years existed between us and our Ally.
A cordial understanding, an unswerving purpose unites us with France. We work with our Latin neighbours in complete accord; we admire and revere their wit, their warmth, their brilliant achievements in the arts of peace no less than their courage and tenacity in these critical days, but I cannot believe that we are such natural allies with France as we shall prove to be with Russia. Let there be no misunderstanding: it is not that we need anticipate difficulties with our Western Ally, or feel that tact will be necessary to secure the solidity of our alliance; only, in Russia we seem to have found, now that all ground of misconceptions has been removed, our natural and ideal friend. A psychical affinity binds us to her, a certain unity and accord of character that is worth all the treaties in the world, for though they will be loyally kept they cannot in binding force equal or approach the inviolability which springs from characters that naturally fit each other, and from the identity of aims that are dictated by primal and ingrained instincts.

Reproduced from The Herald [Tamworth, Staffs., UK], 19/06/1915




Wednesday, 23 July 2014

National Service or National Disgrace?

Non-fiction ~ propaganda article
Published 31st March 1917*
370 words
(First read 23/07/2014)

* I found this in The Aberdeen Daily Journal for that date ~ it was undoubtedly published elsewhere on the same date, if not earlier.
The National Service Scheme, not to be confused with the later National Service (compulsory military service), was a voluntary one whereby ~ largely but not exclusively men ~ unable to take part in the war would, on a part-time basis, assume extra jobs there weren't enough people to perform ~ bus-driving, policing, etc.
No doubt someone at the relevant ministry could have ghost-written this for EFB to put his name to, but it bears the distinctive hallmarks of his own prose style.







The article is reproduced below.  As far as I know this its first appearance, in full and free of charge, in 97 years.

National Service or National Disgrace? by E. F. Benson
There will be hardly one man in a hundred who reads these few lines who, during the last two years and a half, has not [illegible: 'sent' or 'seen'] off some friend or brother or son to face the day-long and night-long dangers of the trenches.
Such a one has gone back home, when the cheerful, gallant train-load pulled out of the station, to his fireside or his office with a thrill of heroism in his heart, wishing that he was stronger or younger, and could take his part in the peril and do something ~ were it only in his power ~ to help Britain. He tells himself that, old though he is, he longs for the opportunity (the privilege he calls it) of doing 'his bit', and out of his comfortable bank balance he perhaps finds himself able to invest a little in the Victory Loan. He swells with pride at the thought of helping his country, and, at the same time, it is very jolly to reflect that 'his bit' brings him 5¼ per cent., which is a most handsome return on so sound a security. And he wants to do more to help his country.
Then he is confronted with the National Service scheme, and about that his patriotism cools a little. He procures a National Service card; he sees in it a trade of which he really knows a little, and in which he could be of use. But he does not enrol. He must consider a little whether he can give up his time, or make a sacrifice at all. Now there is not too much time for such a man, who thought himself so patriotic, to prove his patriotism. Unless he enrols he will definitely have declared himself a neutral in the war. Or, since he is British, he will have declared himself a deserter. This is simple, sober fact.
And, unless he enrols, all his fine thoughts when he saw his son or his brother off to fight, and risk his life for the sake of his country, will have proved themselves shams ~ cheap, tawdry shams. That will not be a very pleasant thought for the rest of his life, will it?
Reproduced from The Aberdeen Daily Journal, 31/03/1917
 

Friday, 30 May 2014

The Economies of Mrs Hancock

Fiction ~ short story
Published 'by special arrangement' in The Courier [Taunton, UK], 28th January 1925¹
3,795 words
(First read 30/05/2014)

Yay! the welcome return of Mrs Hancock from Arundel (1914).  This one tells the story of Mrs H's marriage to the newly-widowed vicar Mr Martin (who barely gets a look in) and is set in the first six months or so of the Great War.  Utterly true to type, Mrs H/M decides in her infinite generosity to give Mr M a little run-about car as a wedding present, mainly so that she can continue to have exclusive use of her own massive motor, and on the proviso that he pays its running costs; when the beastly war starts she finds it the perfect excuse to make economies and retrench, so poor Mr M never gets his car.  Nor have any of the appeals from various charitable funds (the Soldiers' and Sailors' Fund, etc.²) had a solitary farthing from her by the time the story ends.  Very funny, if you like that kind of thing.

¹ I've no idea if this was the first-ever publication, I'm afraid ~ I would imagine, given all the references to the war charities, that EFB wrote this during the War itself, and that it was possibly published previously in 1914-18.  For another 'special arrangement' story that appeared in Taunton's The Courier, see The Dorothy Crystal Syndicate (1935).
² EFB himself was a keen supporter of the Sailors and Soldiers Tobacco Fund.


Below is the story reproduced in full ~ to the best of my knowledge ~ for the first time in 89 years, free gratis and for all the world to see.  Enjoy!

The Economies of Mrs Hancock by E. F. Benson
Heathmoor, generally, that salubrious and prosperous settlement, the houses of which for the most part stand completely detached, and surrounded by their own private gardens and croquet lawns, was much excited at the authentic news that Mrs Hancock, whose fiftieth milestone of life was already clearly in sight, was going to marry Mr Martin, the vicar of their newly-built red-brick church. Mr Martin, lately widowed, was a little younger (but not much) than his prospective bride, and thus it will readily be understood that the interest which the announcement aroused was not of romantic calibre, and was rather concerned with the financial aspect of this unexpected visit of Cupid. But finance formed so large an ingredient in the life of Heathmoor, whose male inhabitants almost without exception go up to the City every morning by the 9-6, and return, slightly richer, by the 4-40 from Marylebone in the afternoon, that they could give a more reliable verdict on the appropriateness of the match than if it had been complicated by passion or romance, about which they knew less. As it was, the important facts of it were that Mrs Hancock lived on the scale, more or less, of three thousand a year, with a handsome motor, a two-acre plot of house and harden, a butler and a lady's maid, in addition to the ordinary domestic service which was usual, while Mr Martin's professional stipend was four hundred pounds a year; with house. But he was believed to enjoy what is called 'a little money' from the decease of his first wife, while on the other hand Mrs Hancock certainly put by 'a little money' every years. The conclusion therefore that Heathmoor came to was that Mrs Hancock probably had four thousand a year, and Mr Martin twice as many hundreds. This conjecture was so near the mark that it reflected great credit on the financial acumen of the place.
It followed, as a corollary, that Mr Martin would be in more comfortable circumstances than had been his hitherto, while there was no need for retrenchment on the part of Mrs Hancock. The young people ~ there was a slightly tendency towards acidity in the Heathmoor comments ~ were going to live at Arundel, Mrs Hancock's very spacious villa, and the parsonage was to be let. And as the parsonage would certainly fetch two hundred and fifty pounds a year, there was no reason to suppose that there would be any diminution of excellence in Mrs Hancock's habitual hospitality. But though Heathmoor was inclined to be a little acid about it ~ Heathmoor is a very satirical place in its own quiet way ~ there as no doubt that the young people were sincerely attached to each other, and would, no doubt, be very comfortable together.
It must be supposed that Mrs Hancock thought so, since comfort was the ruling passion of her life, and she would go through any discomfort to procure it. The financial aspect of her adventure also had concerned her as much if not more than it had concerned her friends and neighbours, and months before the event was to take place she had busied herself with contriving little economies with a view to meeting the outlay that the joint occupation of Arundel would entail. She meant her husband to be thoroughly comfortable also, and thus was prepared to turn the best spare bedroom into a sitting room for him, and give him as a dressing room, the original best spare dressing room that adjoined it. Similarly, she was seriously considering whether she would not buy him a small car which would really be quite at his own disposal for his regular parish work, and his no less regular games of golf. The running expenses of such a car were very small, so she had ascertained, whereas the road to the golf links was very trying for a heavy car. Besides, such an arrangement would leave her with complete command of her own car, and she could not dream of letting Alfred continue to go afoot everywhere as he had been accustomed to do. There was something of the personal dignity of the man who was to be her husband that must be considered.
The marriage was to take place in September, and on one fine evening in July when the two were talking together, before he went back to the vicarage for the night, she discussed with him some of these opulent plans for his comfort. Her kind brown eyes beamed with pleasure at the enumeration of her own unselfish thoughts, as she sat in the window of the drawing-room at Arundel, after routing her new Patience twice in succession.
“Alfred, my dear,” she said, “I have been thinking over so many plans and arrangements to-day. Is it not a lovely night, and would you open the window a shade more? I do not think I shall feel the draught if I sit well back in my chair and if I do, perhaps you would close it again. Well!”
A smile of content at her own generosity played round her mouth. But, before she proceeded to her announcement a sudden thought struck her. The running expenses of the new car, as has been mentioned would be small, and now her delicacy suggested to her that her husband might feel himself less burdened by her gift, if he paid for his petrol and tyre bill himself. She had been prepared to do that, too, when she made her original plan, but now a finer instinct asserted itself. But there was a little draught from the window, even if she leaned back.
“I think I must trouble you, dear Alfred,” she said, “to close the window again. I might catch cold sitting here, and how would you like to have me laid up, and perhaps catch a cold from me yourself? I could not forgive myself if you did. Thank you dear! That is quite comfortable.”
It was pleasant to put off the moment of her great announcement like this, tasting the delights of anticipation.
“Now I have made up my mind,” she said, “that before our marriage I am going to order a new little car. And who do you think is going to drive in it? Why you, my dear. It is to be yours, for your very own, as the children say, to take you to your golf and your district visiting. And the more you use it, the better shall I be pleased. There!”
Mr Martin had taken the rôle of Prince-Consort, so to speak, from the very first. He was quite aware that he was about to marry the Queen of Heathmoor; and though he was accustomed to strike the attitude of a proud, independent Englishman, he was not above receiving benefits from his future wife.
“My dear, you are determined to spoil me,” he said. “Fancy me with a motor of my own.”
Mrs Hancock beamed with pleasure.
“And I'll be bound that you learn to drive it in no time,” she said, “with Denton to coach you. And they are so cheap to run too. I daresay that your petrol bill won't be more than a pound a week. And I gave orders to-day about the door being cut between the best spare bedroom, which is to be your study, and the dressing room, so that you'll be quite snug there. As I told you, I shall always tap on your study door, if I want to see you, so that you'll only have to call out “Go away, Julia” if you're busy, and I shall not come in to disturb you. Look, there is a thrush on the lawn. There! It is running away into the bushes. Has it got a study and a dressing-room there, I wonder?”
The entrance of Mrs Hancock's butler with the evening paper put an end to any further pretty conjectures about the thrush's domestic arrangements, and Mr Martin took it under the lamp to gather and retail the news.
“Upon my word, things look very threatening,” he said. “Germany has insisted on Russia's ceasing to mobilize.”
Mrs Hancock noticed that the thrush had run out of the bushes again, but bent her mind to European affairs.
“How tiresome Germany is!” she said, “and Russia, too, for that matter. What a pity that nations are not like us and find enough to do in their own home without wanting to quarrel with other people. What do you think will happen next, Alfred?”
Alfred swiftly glanced to see what the leader writer thought would happen next.
“Hard to tell,” he said. “Personally I should not be surprised if Germany declared war on Russia.”
“Dear! What a disturbance that would be. I think I shall have just one more game at his new Patience, before I go to bed. Germany and Russia at war! I am glad it will be so far away.”
The events of the week, however, brought this remote conflict nearer home, but even when the Allied Armies were in retreat from Mons, Mrs Hancock felt but the faintest personal interest in the matter. She had no relatives or friends who had adopted a soldier's profession, nor in fact, even if they had, would she have felt any particular anxiety, since she really cared nothing but for her own comfort, though she liked, as adding to that, to have cheerful faces round her. But when it became apparent that the war was going to cost a considerable sum of money, she became much more interested and patriotic.
“And to think that we've been forced into it against our will by those horrid Germans!” she exclaimed to Mr Martin. “I never liked Germans, and now I declare I detest them. My dear, is not this an excellent soufflé? Pray take a little more before, as you say, it sits down. Such a good expression! But where is all the money to come from until we get it back from Germany, when we have beaten her?”
“From the tax-payers, I am afraid,” said Mr Martin.
“Ah! that is like this horrid Radical Government. Why don't they just increase the national debt, instead of making us pay? And Mrs Williams tells me that meat is up a penny in the pound already, and I assure you that the postman never goes by without putting into my letter-box some fresh appeal for money. There is the national fund one day, and soldiers' and sailors' help another, and Belgian refugees a third. One needs to be a millionaire ...”
As a matter of fact, all these appeals that were left in Mrs Hancock's letter-box had proved more expensive to the senders than to the recipient, since she had not given anything to any of them. With a guileless sincerity, that probably deceived herself, she proceeded to explain her attitude, having taken a little more of the soufflé before it sat down.
“They pour in every day,” she said, “but I suppose they will stop soon, and then I shall go very carefully over all of them, and divide among them what I find I can give, for it would be dreadful if I gave away at once all I can afford, and then got some very deserving appeal, which I found I could not respond to. I never thrown one away; I keep them all. But I should like your advice, dear. The national fund, now; could you tell me what you gave to that, and whether it is deserving?”
“I sent them fifty pounds,” said Mr Martin.
Mrs Hancock held up her hands in admiration.
“My dear, I do call that generous,” she said. “Fifty pounds! But you always are so generous. I think, then, as we have subscribed so much to that ~ for now I count all my money as yours ~ I shall leave that out of my list. Everyone must do their share, mustn't they? and we have done ours there. I must go very carefully into my expenses, and see if I cannot save a pound here and a pound there, so as to be able to give liberally.”
An idea of a brilliant nature occurred to her as they rose to leave the table.
“I am sure you feel as I do about it,” she said, “and we must put our heads together to arrange our budget, for after next week, when we are married, it will be our budget, won't it? Now, my dear, I'm going to be very frank with you. You remember that I was going to give you a little motor-car to run about with, and you were going to supply the petrol and tyres. I feel now that you will want to be spared that expense, and I should hate to embarrass you. So let me ~ “
Mr Martin took her hand.
“My dear Julia,” he said, “you want to take the expense of that yourself. But I couldn't possibly permit it. I shall be able to manage it easily.”
For the moment Mrs Hancock, instead of him, was embarrassed. It was really a little difficult to explain that this had not been her idea. But she made light of difficulties when faced by this need of saving a pound here and a pound there. She was going to save a good many pounds here.
“Ah, how willingly I would pay every penny connected with it,” she said, “if only I had the money. But I see I shall have to be very careful for these next months, and what I was going to propose, dear, was that I should postpone my present to you till better times. I know you could ill afford the running expenses of it just now, and as for me, I shall to retrench in every way I can. But I need hardly tell you that my car will always be at your service, if you don't mind walking up that little lane to the golf-links, where it is so bad for the springs. And so we shall both have a little more money to give to some of those funds. I declare I feel quite a miser for their sakes.”
Mrs Hancock's processes of thought were not swift and lightning-like, but calm and brooding, like the radiance of sun on still autumn mornings, and during the next few days she devoted a great deal of quiet time (sitting out in her tent in the garden, for the weather was lovely) to the question of economies. Her decision about Mr Martin's motor, which she had designed to be a wedding present for him next week was a solid piece of retrenchment, and what particularly (so she thought) pleased her about it, was that she had been the means of saving him the expense of its upkeep. Then it seemed to her that wine (which she never touched herself) was an unnecessary luxury in those troubled financial times, and thorough in all she did (including her own habitual self-deception) she cut off her servants' beer money also. To effect this, she summoned her butler and her cook, and made them quite a touching little speech, reminding them that burden of the war must fall on all who were proud to call themselves British, and that all such must cheerfully make sacrifices for the sake of their country. This she expressed so neatly and feelingly that Lind and Mrs Williams quite lost sight of the fact that she was docking their wages and saving herself some ten shillings a week, for this she concealed under the announcement that she was going to provide no wine either for her guests or herself, while the charitable calls on her purse were so numerous, and produced the general impression that it was everybody's duty to deny themselves, rather than that it was her delight to deny everybody else. Further she dismissed her under-gardener (giving him an excellent character), and counter-ordered the painting of her front-gate, and the cutting of the door from Mr Martin's dressing-room into his sitting-room.
She talked over all those admirable plans with him in the course of the next few days. She had noted down the saving that would be effected thereby on a half-sheet of writing paper. “I declare it has been three days' hard work,” she said, “but now, dear, I have got what I call my revised budget ready, and I think that I have provided for the extra taxation you tell me that we must expect, so that I can consider my income will be no less than it was, and I shall be able to give to all these appeals as if there had been no inroads into it. You will not feel, too, as if you were going to marry a pauper, and, apart from the wine, I shall be able to keep a good table still, and shan't starve you! That I was quite determined on, for after all, charity begins at home and certainly doesn't begin by the wife making her husband uncomfortable.”
But the rosy radiance produced by the thought that she was saving money in order eventually to answer all these charitable appeals with suitable generosity, turned rather grey when, in the course of the next month it became apparent that her dividends were not being paid with their accustomed regularity. The chief defaulter was the Thessalian Oil Company which instead of sending £500 to her bank, sent a polite letter to her intimating that it postponed its payment. Mrs Hancock ~ now Mrs Martin ~ had been almost prepared to devote a hundred pounds of this to various charities, and had gone so far as to divide it up (on paper) among them, assigning one ninth to one, and two ninths to another. This had all taken time, and now, it appeared, all that head-work was love's labour lost, since with this uncertainty about dividends, it would be very wrong to be spendthrift in charity that did not begin at home.
“And such trouble as I took about the division, my dear,” she said to her husband, “and it's all thrown away, for I could not give to Belgian refugees, when I may not have enough to pay my own servants. If I had not been prudent at the beginning, when I so much longed to help everybody, I don't know what you and I would be doing to-day!”
Mr Martin was divided between a desire to console his wife for this blow, and a conviction that they were not yet within sight of living one whit less comfortably (apart from the drinking of wine, which only affected him) than before.
“Of course it's a great disappointment to you dear,” he said, “but after all the dividend is only postponed. I daresay in a month or two, it will be paid, and you will be no worse off. I think, if I were you, I should pay some little subscription to all these charities, which really are in need of help.”
His wife became a shade more dignified.
“My dear, I have been accustomed to manage my income so long,” she said, “that you will excuse me if I continue to do so according to the best of my ability. In my view, it would be very wrong of me if I gave away now the money I may need to keep our home together. One does not not know what may happen or how much one may need money for even more pressing claims than these, a little later on. But I am not going to be depressed about it. Let us have a game of that excellent new patience which you showed me yesterday, and see if we can't bring it out, together. Oh, look, there is a little spider on the table. Perhaps that will bring us all better luck!”
The autumn weeks went on, and the appeals to Mrs Martin's charity, none of which she ever threw away, but kept, neatly docketted, with an elastic band round them, got ever bulkier. Sometimes, it is true, the hopelessness of dealing with them all on a scale that should satisfy her generosity, and the impossibility of choosing between them, so grew on her, that she was tempted to throw them all away, but matters never quite came to such a point. In the interval her financial affairs grew a little brighter, there was dawn on the wreck, for all the postponed dividends with the exception of Thessalian Oil were paid, and she felt that she had still a hope of avoiding bankruptcy. On the other hand the scare about the coming Zeppelins increased, and she felt far from easy in her mind about the risk of Heathmoor being bombarded by them. German spies who apparently knew everything, could hardly be unaware ow large a contingent of city men lived there, and it seemed to her, in her less sanguine moments, very likely that they would aim this staggering blow at their hearts and homes. And what if that happened, if a bomb dropped on her garage and blew to motor to atoms? She would certainly have to get a new one. The non-payment of the Thessalian Oil dividend weighed on her as heavy as life. Zeppelins! Thessalian oil! The words obsessed her like a nightmare.
One bright December morning, she received by post a small package and one letter. The package was her pass-book returned from the bank in a highly satisfactory mood, the fruit of her prudent economies. The letter was a communication from the Thessalian Oil Company saying that the postponed dividend had been paid, and that the usual December distribution would take place as usual. At breakfast she talked over this happy development with her husband.
“I declare all this planning and scheming over my little economies has made me quite a financier, dear,” she said. “I knew I should have have to be prudent, and how well it has turned out. Now I shall keep that Thessalian oil dividend apart from my other money, ear-mark it, don't they say, as an insurance against Zeppelins. Then I shall feel quite happy in my mind, and when the December dividends come in, I shall go through all those appeals again. Is it not a lovely morning? You will have a pleasant game of golf. But Lind tells me that coal has gone up another half-crown. Is it not lucky I always have the cellar filled in the summer? He thinks we shall get through till the warmer weather begins without buying any more. But we must be prepared for its not lasting out.”

Reproduced from The Courier [Taunton, Somerset, UK], 28/01/1925

Friday, 20 December 2013

David Blaize and the Blue Door

Fiction ~ novel (children's)
Published 1918
(First read 20/12/2013)

For once I can't find anything to knock about an E F Benson novel.  David Blaize and the Blue Door is, of course, a book for kiddies, for little kiddies at that.  The eponymous hero is six years old; he goes to bed one night, passes through a blue door situated behind his pillow, and has a ~ fairly lengthy ~ series of adventures à la Alice through the looking-glass.  The adventures were humorous and quirky enough to keep me interested; the prose light and easy with just the right Oh do tell us a story, dear Uncle Fred! tone to them; the author doesn't pontificate or moralize (much); and the whole thing is very Edwardian, cozy 'n' comfy, even when, towards the end, it gets a bit 'soldiery'¹.
All in all, a jolly read.  Mind you, I daresay today's kiddiwinks would be bored shitless with it.  ["Don't you mean 'witless', Ewie?"]

I really think ~ not that anyone asked ~ that Benson should have written more for children, preferably on the subject of animals: this, and his sketches Jill's Cat (1916) and the pair 'Puss-Cat' and There Arose a King (both 1920) are not only charming but appear somehow both effortless and inspired, unlike so very much of his adult fiction.  Ah well, not a lot we can do about that, unfortunately.

P.S. DB & TBD should not be considered a prequel to David Blaize and David of King's: it stands up entirely on its own merits.

¹ I can imagine EFB's publishers saying to him, "Could you at least make some kind of acknowledgment that there's a war on? ~ you don't have to send David to Passchendaele or anything ... just a teeny little mention of soldiers or something, if only to let the parents know you're aware it's happening?"






THE CRITICS

Several years ago Mr. Benson wrote a story about this same David in his lively schoolboy stage. Here we have David as a small child. Jolly things happened to him when he went through the blue door, and only Alice in Wonderland saw more wonderful and topsyturvy queer sights than David.
~The Outlook (US; in 'Books for Young People' column), 26/11/1919
Up and Down (1918) and David Blaize and the Blue Door (1918) were composed during and after [Arthur Benson's] committal to a mental home, yet they are innocent of any reference to it, even by implication. This was probably quite deliberate, for both books are an evasion, a denial of the real and the important. […] David Blaize and the Blue Door is a book of fantasy for children, in the manner of Alice in Wonderland.  It enjoyed much success in its day, but now seems contrived.
~Brian Masters in The Life of E. F. Benson, 1991.  (Hmmm, I wouldn't call it any more contrived than ~ to take a random example ~ Alice in Wonderland.) 
 
David Blaize and the Blue Door is an imaginative fantasy that departs radically from the more traditionally structured David Blaize school stories. […] Searching for answers to important questions that adults dismiss as nonsense, David finds behind the door a Wonderland-like realm where nonsense is taken seriously by the inhabitants. The Times Literary Supplement [19/12/1918] notes similarities to the Alice books, but observes that Benson “carries the sincerest form of flattery just far enough to be clear of any charge of attempted concealment; and he weaves it into a story that is, in its main lines, his own invention.” Benson's inventive dream-fantasy anticipates some of his later supernatural fantasies, exploring the nature of 'nonsense' in order to question the limitations of conventional notions of 'sense'.
~Carolyn Sigler in Alternative Alices: Visions and Revisions of Lewis Carroll's Alice Books, 1997

Saturday, 4 August 2012

Roderick's Story

Fiction ~ short story
First published in Hutchinson's Magazine, May 1923
Collected in Visible and Invisible, October 1923
5,690 words
(First read 04/08/2012) 

Lamb House, Rye, in EFB's day
I have only one good thing to say about Roderick's Story but I'll say all the others first.  In it EFB displays all his worst habits as a writer: the 'plot' is absurd, risible, ludicrous; the 'characters' are nothing more than pawns to be shunted this way and that, stricken with mysterious but oh so convenient diseases, and/or prematurely culled; the dénouement is signposted well in advance; the 'emotions', including a sizeable dollop of Victorian sentiment, are stereotyped, phoned in from Sentiments'Я'us; the whole is a clumsy, garbled mess.
I'll not trouble you with the storyline (you'd think I was making it up anyway) but here are one or two of Roderick's most salient features: (i) a minute description of Lamb House (not named thus or at all) in Rye (named Tilling) which belongs to Unknown and Featureless Narrator ~ more of him soon; (ii) a case of such extreme stiff-upper-lip that it's actually tipped over into insanity; (iii) a typical Bensonian love-hate triangle: a woman suffers nobly while her horrid husband lives and ~ for reasons known only to EFB ~ continues to suffer after his death; (iv) two handsome lads (18, 19) dying in the European War; (v) a certain amount of uncertain thinking re spiritism; (vi) some golf ~ as if we weren't already miserable enough!; and (vii) I repeat: a plot so preposterous that I can't think of adequate terms to describe it.
Anyway, the one good thing I mentioned earlier is this: Our Unknown Narrator has asked his pal Roderick to read and comment on some of his (U.N.'s) ghost stories for a forthcoming volume.  Quote Roddy:
"[...] you will make a book that not only is inartistic, all shadows and no light, but a false book.  [...] You play godfather to your stories, you see: you tell them in the first person, [...] and that, though it need not be supposed that those experiences were actually yours, yet gives a sort of guarantee that you believe the borderland of which you write to be entirely terrible." [etc.]
Now that I come to look at it again, Roderick's thought is about as clear as U.N.'s ~ or E F Benson's ~ thinking on spiritism and revenants, so even the thing I thought was good isn't.
Enough!
It's available online here.
 

Saturday, 12 November 2011

David Blaize

Fiction ~ novel
Published 1916
Approx. 98,000 words
(First read 12/11/2011)

There's a longish passage in his autobiographical Mother (1925) where Benson, unusually for him, talks at some length about the creation of one of his books, this one:

[...] I had long thought to myself [...] to write a school story not about cheats and bullies and sopranos, [but] to deal with affairs that conceivably have happened: to imagine a boy clean-minded and instinctively revolting from sentiment, who is yet absorbed in such passionate friendship as is characteristic of the fiery age. [...] this had churned in my head for years past, and now, just now, what completer escape from the tragedy and boredom [of the First World War] could a scribbler find?  It was to be boyhood againbefore war was invented or sex manifested, [...] when perfect bliss could be enjoyed with half-a-dozen racket balls and a friend, and when anyone over the age of twenty seemed already ripe for the winding-sheet¹.
And then, with half a page written, and the half page torn up, and a page written and the page torn up, the door at which I was thus rapping swung open, and let me in to a domain where I had no need to invent but only to remember and rediscover.  For there, in the forest of years in which my boyhood had wandered and lost itself, I seemed to find it again, quite alive and happy and ready to talk, and the whole business of recording appeared to be taking down the dictation of some external agent. [...]  Now the door of that storehouse was open and it was lit within and full of lively folk, and chapter after chapter came bubbling on to the paper without effort or selection or arrangement on my part.  The lively folk had settled it all among themselves: I had only to put down what they told me.  So, on most evenings for six months or more, I locked out the war and tiptoed back to where David and his friends were waiting for me. ...  When it was published, I found, with a thrill of amazed pleasure, that at last I had written something which my mother hailed and rejoiced in².
¹ My bolding to highlight the reference to Benson's Golden Age.
² In a passage shortly before this one he'd been complaining ~ well, kind of ~ that his mother never liked any of his books.  For that episode see the entry for Mother.

Other critics
This is actually EFB's old pal Hugh Walpole.
The latest of our novelists to succumb to the temptations of the school story is Mr. E. F. Benson; and I am pleased to add that in David Blaize (Hodder and Stoughton) he seems to have scored a notable success. It is the record of a not specially distinguished, but entirely charming, lad during his career at his private and public schools. Incidentally, as such records must, it becomes the history of certain other boys, two especially, and of David's relations with them. It is this that is the real motive of the book. The friendship between Maddox and David, its dangers and its rewards, seems to me to have been handled with the rarest delicacy and judgment. The hazards of the theme are obvious. There have been books in plenty before now that, essaying to navigate the uncharted seas of schoolboy friendship, have foundered beneath the waves of sloppiness that are so ready to engulph [sic]  them. The more credit then to Mr. Benson for bringing his barque triumphantly to harbour. To drop metaphor, the captious or the forgetful may call the whole sentimental—as if one could write about boys and leave out what is the greatest common factor of the race. But the sentiment is never mawkish. There is indeed an atmosphere of clean, fresh-smelling youth about the book that is vastly refreshing. Friendship and games make up the matter of it; there is nothing that I could repeat by way of plot; but if you care for a close and sympathetic study of boyhood at its happiest here is the book for your money. Finally I may mention that, though in sympathetic studies of boyhood the pedagogue receives as a rule scant courtesy, Mr. Benson's masters are (with one unimportant exception) such delightful persons that I can only hope that they are actual and not imaginary portraits.
~Punch, 12/04/1916