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| Tsar Nicholas II: "Cute but dim." —L. Trotsky |
Published in The Herald [Tamworth], 19th June 1915*
Approx. 1,500 words
(First read 25/08/2014)
In a shameless bit of propagandizing, EFB sings the praises of Russia. Unfortunately my knowledge of the various campaigns of the First World War is pretty hazy (particularly as regards the Eastern Front), so I'm not sure why Benson felt the need to produce such an article at this precise moment. In truth, about three quarters of it is more 'Hymn To Holy Russia' than 'Believe Me: Russia Is Okay'.
He begins by praising the progress that Russia has made over the past 20 years in dragging itself into approximately the middle of the 18th century. [Oops, I'm editorializing here.] After comparing the country's approach to its disastrous war with Japan as that of a 'careless, contemptuous and derisive' schoolyard bully [remind you of anyone?], he claims Russia 'grew up' as a result. Yeah right.
Our intrepid propagandist then goes on to argue that the English and the Russians are kindred spirits, finishing his paragraph with this flight of fancy:
I can more or less see his point here.[...] epithets are always unsatisfactory, and to take a concrete illustration, which puts the matter in a nutshell, we may say that Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontë, perhaps the most distinctively English novel in our language, is completely and essentially Russian. The whole spirit and sentiment of it, the love and the ruthlessness of it, its stern fatalism, its noble tenderness, come not only from the moors of Yorkshire, but from the heart of Russia.
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| Nige Insky in Afternoon Fun (1912) |
In the last section EFB talks about the 'removal of misunderstandings' between the UK and Russia, over India, the Black Sea, y'know ... little things like that ~ least said soonest mended.
Benson's ideas about Russia are (particularly with the benefit of hindsight) distinctly half-baked, romantic, idealistic ~ but I'm fairly sure he never visited Russia or even got anywhere near it, and the essay is meant as a piece of 'puff', so we'll let him off.
*This is indeed where I found it: it's marked 'All Rights Reserved' so I'm assuming it was an exclusive. As far as I'm aware, EFB had no association whatever with Tamworth.
The article is reproduced in full below ... well, in full except for a few illegible bits (suggestions welcome!). This is, to the best of my knowledge, the first time it's appeared free of charge for all the world to see since it's first publication 99 years ago.
Friendly Russia by E. F. Benson
Never perhaps in
the history of the world has any generation seen such amazing change
take place in a people as the last twenty years have seen in the case
of Russia. It is not that the character of the nation has altered,
for the character of nations as of individuals is their one permanent
and constant possession, and can no more be changed than can the skin
of the Ethiopian or the spots of the leopard, and persists through
any vicissitude of disaster or expansion of victory that may happen
to them. But in all except character (that collective individuality
which marks off nation from nation and people from people) it is
impossible to conceive a greater contrast than the aspect presented
by Russia of a generation ago when compared with the stern, calm and
sober millions, who both in the battle-line and in the vast territory
behind it wait in unshaken confidence for the inevitable issue of
their conflict with the barbarism that has suddenly flamed out in
central Europe. Unchanged in character, in the essentials that lie
at the base of the nation's soul, Russia of to-day has nothing else
in common with the Russia of twenty years back.
FROM YOUTH TO
MATURITY
The change is one
of growth and civilised development. Conscious and rightly conscious
of her enormous strength, Russia entered the Japanese war, careless,
contemptuous and derisive. She was like some huge youth, who,
untrained, and without control of his limbs or knowledge of how to
use them, went out, hardly taking off his coat, to fight a practised
and intelligent foe, who with not one quarter of his adversary's
bulk, was quick, decisive and disciplined. There were other
disadvantages, circumstances also which have never been fully
appreciated, for at that time Russia was not only at war with Japan,
but with herself; she was internally dismembered by sedition and
revolution, and was shaken by the storm of intestinal trouble. She
was beaten, and then there began to rise in her the leaven that was
already there, the leaven of her dawning maturity, of her sense of
national responsibility. She said nothing, for Russia in adversity
is as silent as her own winter nights, but shutting her door, she set
herself to win the place that she knew was rightly hers in the
hierarchy of the nations. She had been, as we have said, like some
big, unthinking boy, and now she disciplined herself into manhood.
But her character did not alter, she developed on her own lines, but
grew in mind and in self-control. She schooled herself after the
example of her own great men with the result that, as far as military
matters go, she knows now how to use her inexhaustible strength in
sobriety and wisdom and faithfulness to herself and her friends.
It is
to English people more than to any of the nations of Europe that the
Russian character so strongly appeals. A very foolish proverb, often
quoted and supposed to be enlightening, tells us that if you scratch
a Russian you will find a Tartar. That is so flippant a view that it
only deserves the flippant answer that if you scratch anybody you
will probably rouse his temper. But if you make friends with a
Russian, if you try to be in sympathy with him instead of scratching
him, you will find a very different being. You will discover a
loyalty and simplicity that are child-like in their
unquestioningness, you will find too, whether your Russian is a
boulevardier of Paris, or a moujik of the central steppes, a wild
romantic soul that reminds you of the sea at dawn, dim and immense
and utterly indescribably. It is a northern nature like ours,
sensitive to ridicule, shy of expressing itself, and above all
romantic, with the romance of the north. But epithets are always
unsatisfactory, and to take a concrete illustration, which puts the
matter in a nutshell, we may say that Wuthering Heights,
by Emily Brontë, perhaps the most distinctively English novel in our
language, is completely and essentially Russian. The whole spirit
and sentiment of it, the love and the ruthlessness of it, its stern
fatalism, its noble tenderness, come not only from the moors of
Yorkshire, but from the heart of Russia.
RUSSIAN CULTURE
We
have been told very often during the last six months from Berlin and
other places where the Kaiser has been, that the conclusion of the
present war willwitness the spread of German 'Kultur' over the whole
of this fortunate planet. We are learning a little about German
Kultur, and have been permitted to see it cursorily at work in
Belgium, and as the weeks go on we are happily beginning to realise
that this infernal millennium is getting further off than ever. But
we see more and more that another element of civilisation, not
enforced by megalo-mania and barbarism and piracy will certainly take
its place. For a long time now those who have studied Russian
literature, Russian music, and the Russian arts, generally have been
aware of the wonderful culture. Turgenieff, Gogol, Lermontoff,
Tolstoi expressed it, and in music Chopin, Tschaikowsky, Rubenstein,
Rimsky Korsakoff were among its children. Some of these were Poles,
other were Cossacks, but all in spirit as in nationality belonged to
Russia, and all of them had that sea-like unfathomable suggestions
which is the meaning of Russia, and with which in arms as in
instincts we find ourselves so intimately allied. It is not easy to
express or to give any definite account of the quality that underlies
it, for it appeals much more to the emotions than to the mind, and
produces in us not so much a train of thought as a mood, often sad,
sometimes deliriously light-hearted, but always with the glamour of
large spaces and infinite horizons about it. Though trained and
ordered, the fruit of industry and endless patience, it never
degenerates into artificiality, or loses itself in mere technique.
The quality which, after all, is best called Russian, permeates it;
it is always romantic, always elemental, born of the steppes and the
limitless plains, and the Arctic night light by the remote Aurora of
the north. For a long time now its first freshets, the rivulets that
earliest began to come down from the vast mysterious [hills?],
have been flowing westwards, and they come to us bringing the sense
of home with them.
MISUNDERSTANDINGS REMOVED
Already
in this crisis of the danger common to Russia and to us, namely the
barbarous nest of hornets in the midst of Europe, much
misunderstanding has been removed from between us and our Eastern
allies. No longer do we fear or have cause to fear what we thought
of for years as the Russian menace to India. Germany, who for so
long has tried, not always successfully, to promote dissension
between nations with whom she professed friendly relationships, no
[illegible] one time did encourage our Ally to [illegible] warm-water
outlet southwards, and point a diplomatic finger towards India and
the Persian Gulf. Now in the utter ruinous fiasco that has befallen
Teutonic diplomacy, and now that the day prophetically [illegible:
probably dreamt]
by Bismarck has dawned, (and that [illegible] ) friendship between
Russia and England [illegible] Russia looks, and will not look in
vain, towards its natural outlet through the Black Sea and the
Dardanelles. Hereby another misunderstanding has been removed, for
even as in Whitehall it was thought that Russia turned longing eyes
to our Eastern Empire, so in Petrograd it was believed that England
would fight to the last drop of her blood in preventing Russia from
obtaining this access to the Mediterranean. And once more we are
indebted to the blundering diplomacy of Germany, which instead of
fomenting has but healed the mutual distrust which for years existed
between us and our Ally.
A cordial understanding, an unswerving purpose unites us with
France. We work with our Latin neighbours in complete accord; we
admire and revere their wit, their warmth, their brilliant
achievements in the arts of peace no less than their courage and
tenacity in these critical days, but I cannot believe that we are
such natural allies with France as we shall prove to be with Russia.
Let there be no misunderstanding: it is not that we need anticipate
difficulties with our Western Ally, or feel that tact will be
necessary to secure the solidity of our alliance; only, in Russia we
seem to have found, now that all ground of misconceptions has been
removed, our natural and ideal friend. A psychical affinity binds us
to her, a certain unity and accord of character that is worth all the
treaties in the world, for though they will be loyally kept they
cannot in binding force equal or approach the inviolability which
springs from characters that naturally fit each other, and from the
identity of aims that are dictated by primal and ingrained instincts.
Reproduced from The Herald [Tamworth, Staffs., UK], 19/06/1915
